This study investigates whether trade costs have a systematic influence on the composition of developing countries' exports, one which is distinct from their effect volume trade. It uses World Bank's bilateral cost dataset and incorporates flows for large set countries. The identification strategy exploits variation in across countries differences sensitivity industries employs shifter as an in...

Rapid trade liberalisation can exert profound effects on labour markets. Domestic firms, to sustain competitiveness for survival, could react through cutting labour benefits to achieve cost reductions. Alternatively, trade liberalisation may alter the industry composition of firms changing the aggregate formality rates. This paper studies the relationship between trade liberalisation and inform...

We extend the trade restrictiveness index approach to the case of market imperfections and domestic regulations addressing them. We focus on standard-like non-tariff measures (NTMs) affecting cost of production and potentially enhancing demand by increasing product quality or reducing negative externalities. We apply the framework to the database of Kee et al. (2009) and derive ad valorem equiv...

In responses to Norheim’s editorial, this commentary offers reflections from Thailand, how the five unacceptable trade-offs were applied to the universal health coverage (UHC) reforms between 1975 and 2002 when the whole 64 million people were covered by one of the three public health insurance systems. This commentary aims to generate global discussions on how best UHC can be gradually achieve...

As such, there is a growing emphasis upon the adoption of forAbstract mal decision-science methods to help us understand the qualA growing problem confronting users of remotely sensed imagery ity of our decisions, as opposed to the conventional standardsis whether the use of additional or different imagery to improve based approaches of the past where acceptable quality levels decision quality ...

This paper details our allocation for Built-in Self Test (BIST) technique used in the Interactive Design for Test reuse in Allocation for Testability (IDAT) tool. IDAT tool objective is to fullll the designer requirements regarding selected design and testability attributes of a circuit data-path to be synthesized. A related tool is used to synthesize a test controller for the nal testable circ...

Birds active in apple orchards in south-eastern Australia can contribute positively (e.g., control crop pests) or negatively (e.g., crop damage) to crop yields. Our study is the first to identify net outcomes of these activities, using six apple orchards, varying in management intensity, in south-eastern Australia as a study system. We also conducted a predation experiment using real and artifi...

We study the cost of improving the goodput, or the useful data rate, to user in a wireless network. We measure the cost in terms of number of base stations, which is highly correlated to the energy cost as well as capital and operational costs of a network provider. We show that increasing the available bandwidth, or throughput, may not necessarily lead to increase in goodput, particularly in l...

While to minimize the overall project cost is always one of the objectives of construction managers, to obtain the maximum economic return is definitely one the ultimate goals of the project investors. As there is a trade-off relationship between the project time and cost, and the project delivery time directly affects the timing of economic recovery of an investment project, to provide a metho...

When the processing times of jobs are controllable, selected processing times affect both themanufacturing cost and the scheduling performance.Awell-known example for such a case that this paper specifically deals with is the turning operation on a CNCmachine. Manufacturing cost of a turning operation is a nonlinear convex function of its processing time. We also know that scheduling decisions ...