In this paper we present the structure of “customer disvalue” phenomenon as the complementary concept for customer value. Authors, who are proponents of humanized marketing, rely on the lived-experience of customers as the primary source of data in order to grasp a first-hand understanding of the phenomenon that has been profoundly shadowed by objectivism of economics. The research is based on ...

This paper examines the problem of evil in nature, that is, the issue of the disvalue present in nature, and the question of whether or not it prevails over happiness. The paper claims that disvalue actually outweighs happiness in nature. This is an unavoidable consequence of the existence of an evolutionary process in a context where resources are scarce. Because of this, suffering and early d...

Space colonization is humankind's best bet for long-term survival. This makes the expected moral value of space immense. However, colonizing also creates risks — whose potential harm could easily overshadow all benefits future. In this article, I present a preliminary overview some major colonization: Prioritization risks, aberration and conflict risks. Each these risk types contains that can c...

Standard theories of decision-making involving delayed outcomes predict that people should defer a punishment, whilst advancing a reward. In some cases, such as pain, people seem to prefer to expedite punishment, implying that its anticipation carries a cost, often conceptualized as 'dread'. Despite empirical support for the existence of dread, whether and how it depends on prospective delay is...