This paper deals with the finite element solution of the convection diffusion equation in one and two dimensions. Two main techniques are adopted and compared. The first one includes Petrov-Galerkin based on Lagrangian tensor product elements in conjunction with streamlined upwinding. The second approach represents Bubnov/Petrov-Galerkin schemes based on a new group of exponential elements. It ...

Background: The most common primary tumors of brain are gliomas. Grading of tumor is vital for designing proper treatment plans. The gold standard choice to determine the grade of glial tumor is biopsy which is an invasive method.Objective: In this study, we try to investigate the role of fractional anisotropy (diffusion anisotropy) and linear anisotropy ...

We report a novel and fast method for converting a digital, complex Fresnel hologram into a phase-only hologram. Briefly, the pixels in the complex hologram are scanned sequentially in a row by row manner. The odd and even rows are scanned from opposite directions, constituting to a bidirectional error diffusion process. The magnitude of each visited pixel is forced to be a constant value, whil...

Thermal diffusion has been studied for over 150 years. Despite of the long history and the increasing importance of the phenomenon, the physics of thermal diffusion remains poorly understood. In this paper Ludwig’s thermal diffusion is explained using Einstein’s random walk. The only new structure added is the spatial heterogeneity of the random walk to reflect the temperature gradient of therm...

In this paper we consider two processes driven by diffusions and jumps. We consider both finite activity and infinite activity jump components. Given discrete observations we disentangle the covariation between the two diffusion parts from the co-jumps. A commonly used approach to estimate the diffusion covariation part is to take the sum of the cross products of the two processes increments; h...

In this paper we study the topology effects on diffusion process in signed networks. Considering a simple threshold model for diffusion process, it is extended to signed networks and some appropriate definitions are proposed. This model is a basic model that could be extended and applied in analyzing dynamics of many real phenomena such as opinion forming or innovation diffusion in social netwo...

We provide scientific background information and personal accounts relating to our publication of "Microstructural and Physiological Features of Tissues Elucidated by Quantitative-Diffusion-Tensor MRI" in the Journal of Magnetic Resonance B. This paper provided a framework for measuring and mapping intrinsic features of diffusion anisotropy obtained from diffusion tensor MRI (DTI) data.

We discuss a theoretical conceptual framework to help understand how the new business analytics technologies have diffused in firms. We draw on three theoretical perspectives for this purpose. They are innovation diffusion theory, IT Business Value and the technology-organization-environment theory. We develop a conceptual framework that helps understand the interlinkages among factors affectin...

We propose a new method of progressive transmission of continuous tone images using multi-level error diffusion method. Assuming that the pixels are ordered and the error is diffused to later pixels, multi-level error-diffused images are resolved into a multiple number of bit planes. In an image with 8 bits per pixel, the number of the bit planes that we construct is 9, and the 2-level, 3-level...