We report on a pixel whose aperture can be varied electrically. The pixel is confined by a hole-patterned polymer wall and a dielectric liquid forms a ring shape around the wall surface. Without an electric field, the pixel has the largest aperture. The applied fringing field stretches the liquid surface, leading to a decrease in the aperture size. The switchable aperture ratio of the pixel is ...

The isolation of a lambda gt . ilvGEDA . S.t. hybrid transducing phage has permitted the characterization of the promoter-attenuator region of the ilvGEDA operon of Salmonella typhimurium. In vitro transcription and Southern hybridization indicate that the promoter-attenuator resides on a 400 nucleotide Rsa I restriction fragment. DNA sequence analysis shows only seven base pair differences exi...

This paper mainly introduces the Wideband 5-bit MMIC digital attenuator with high precision. Firstly, the theories of basic GaAs digital attenuator MMIC’s configurations are searched. Secondly, every possible configuration is contrasted, subsequently, appropriate topology is selected for each stage. This attenuator has been realized by 0.5!m GaAs pHEMT process. Simulation results of the digital...

Although the attenuator located between the ribosomal protein and RNA polymerase gene domains of the Escherichia coli rplKAJLrpoBC operon has a maximum termination efficiency of 80%, the level of termination is diminished with decreasing transcription frequency. In this report, the use of transcriptional fusions to further investigate the mechanism of transcription-frequency-dependent regulatio...

The Bacillus subtilis trpEDCFBA operon is regulated by a transcription attenuation mechanism controlled by the trp RNA-binding attenuation protein (TRAP). TRAP binds to 11 (G/U)AG repeats in the trp leader transcript and prevents formation of an antiterminator, which allows formation of an intrinsic terminator (attenuator). Previously, formation of the attenuator RNA structure was believed to b...

We have proposed and demonstrated a wide-angle thermooptic variable optical attenuator using a new type of truncated asymmetric Y-branch waveguide in polymers. The asymmetric parameters in the truncated zone and also the asymmetric waveguide widths of the branch depend on its cross-talk (CT), attenuation efficiency and the length of the device or the packing density. An analysis for the optimum...

In this letter, we propose the variable low-PIM termination composed of a voltage-controlled IM-source, fixed attenuator, and linear attenuator. The design method for evaluating PIM-level attenuator is presented in order not to limit range entire termination. It possible maintain performance spite using active whose IM level extremely high. This used dynamic residual noise identification PIM me...

OBJECTIVES Transradial access for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) reduces procedural complications however, there are concerns regarding the potential for increased exposure to ionizing radiation to the primary operator. We evaluated the efficacy of a lead-attenuator in reducing radiation exposure during transradial PCI. METHODS AND RESULTS This was a non-randomized, prospective, obs...

In Bacillus subtilis, transcription of the tryptophan biosynthetic operon is regulated by an attenuation mechanism. When intracellular tryptophan levels are high, the TRAP protein binds to the 5' leader region of the nascent trp mRNA and induces transcription termination prior to the structural genes. In limiting tryptophan, TRAP does not bind and the operon is transcribed. Two competing RNA se...