abstract u.s. attack to afghanistan after 9/11 provided opportunities for us who tried to become the dominant power after collapse of ussr and bipolar world. thinkers like fukuyama believed american liberal democrats thought would be universally accepted without resistances. liberal democracy is the best and final model of governance; in this regard, united state has moral responsibilities for...

Skyline,is an important factor In explaining the locative characteristics and Qualitative  properties of urban scape, As an indicator of improved urban life. This study has used one of the Contemporary urban studies methods, Because of the Appropriate and functional Capabilities and Analyzes Its impact on the urbanscape. This analysis is done based on the definitions in the field of urbanscape ...

In addition to have some benefits for the users, private vehicles as a one of urban transportation systems, impose different costs and effects on environment and citizens who are not among users of private cars. Currently, only a small share of car prices is received as the annual tax of car ownership by the municipality, therefore it is necessary to review the process and the external car cost...

Color is the concept that cognition of its features and impacts on man makes a way to reach ideal urban spaces. The importance of this issue is highlighted, when the street furniture as an important element in the urban structure is seen in term of color unorganized and messy. Inasmuch as, street furniture’s elements, in the minor scale, are one of the main components of the urban landscape, su...

Controlling and administering cities have been more difficult with their increasing expansion and growth. Urban entrepreneurship is one of the strategies that directed cities toward self-control by reducing unemployment rate and its arising problems, creating sustainable revenue, preparing the ground for citizens’ independence etc. Thus, identifying effective factors on urban entrepreneurship c...

There is a wide body of literature indicating a strong link between urban form and carbon emissions in the transport sector, this is done through the impact of city form components on citizen’s travel behavior. Therefore, in urban low carbon development theory, the reduction of cavalry production through changes in urban form elements is considered. This paper investigates the effects of urban ...

cohesion is an indispensable linguistic feature in discourse analysis. lexicald such a differe cohesion and conjunction in particular as two crucial elements to textual cohesion and comprehension has been the focus of a wide range of studies up to now. yet the relationship between the open register and cohesive devices has not been thoroughly investigated in discourse studies. this study concen...