In recent years, crowdsourcing has become an effective method in many fields, such as relecance evaluation. Based on our experiment carried out in Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications for the TREC 2011 Crowdsourcing track, in this paper we introduce our strategies in recruiting workers, obtaining their relevance and rank juegements and quality control. Then we explain the improved...

This work concerns estimation of linear autoregressive models with Markov-switching using expectation maximisation (E.M.) algorithm. Our method generalise the method introduced by Elliot for general hidden Markov models and avoid to use backward recursion.

We present a novel method to compute expectation values in the Lieb-Liniger model both at zero and finite temperature. These quantities, relevant in the physics of one-dimensional ultracold Bose gases, are expressed by a series that has a remarkable behavior of convergence. Among other results, we show the computation of the three-body expectation value at finite temperature, a quantity that ru...

We present the CEM (Conditional Expectation Maximization) algorithm as an extension of the EM (Expectation Maximization) algorithm to conditional density estimation under missing data. A bounding and maximization process is given to speci cally optimize conditional likelihood instead of the usual joint likelihood. We apply the method to conditioned mixture models and use bounding techniques to ...

We present the CEM (Conditional Expectation Maximization) algorithm as an extension of the EM (Expectation Maximization) algorithm to conditional density estimation under missing data. A bounding and maximization process is given to speciically optimize conditional likelihood instead of the usual joint likelihood. We apply the method to conditioned mixture models and use bounding techniques to ...

Posterior expectation is a well-accepted method for data analysis via Bayesian inference based on parametric likelihoods. In this paper we propose utilizing empirical likelihood (EL) methodology to develop novel nonparametric posterior expectation. The parametric Bayesian methodology contains the empirical Bayes approach for the purpose of using the observed data to estimate parameters, or even...

1 Linearity of expectation Now let us see some extensions of the basic method. Theorem 1 (Linearity of expectation). Let X1, · · · , Xn be random variables and X = c1X1+ · · ·+ cnXn, where ci’s are constants. Then EX = c1 EX1 + · · ·+ cn EXn. Proof. We prove it by induction. The base case of n = 1 is trivial. For the inductive step, it is sufficient to show that E[X + Y ] = E[X] + E[Y ] for two...

This paper attempted to explore the expectation level of individuals to match themselves with the career offers and their awareness level to make the right decision in choosing right career in an economy of unemployment problems especially among the educated persons. This descriptive analytical research work is done on the basis of perceptions of students of different levels of education. The s...

the present study aims to describe the rate of premarital skills among daughters of martyrs and veterans in mazandaran province, as well as to identify the impact of parents’ marital skills on their girls’ skills. the universe of the study is all of single, older than 15 years old girls whose fathers were martyr or veteran. 366 young girls have been selected as a sample of the study via two-ste...

Background Following the implementation of family physician plan in rural areas, the quantity of provided services has been increased, but what leads on the next topic is the improvement in expected quality of service, as well. The present study aims at determining the gap between patients’ expectation and perception from the quality of services provided by family physicians during the spring a...