background and purpose: according to developments related to the relative autonomy of universities and acquired extensive powers by the board of trustees of universities of medical sciences and healthcare services in a twenty-year perspective of country and in the context of the fourth and fifth socio-economic cultural development of country, necessity of developing financial and transactional ...

Background and purpose: According to developments related to the relative autonomy of universities and acquired extensive powers by the board of trustees of universities of medical sciences and healthcare services in a twenty-year perspective of country and in the context of the fourth and fifth socio-economic cultural development of country, necessity of developing financial and transactional ...

BACKGROUND In September 2010, Vancouver, Canada enacted a smoke-free bylaw in parks and on beaches. OBJECTIVE To examine demographic and attitudinal factors associated with the public opinion on Vancouver's outdoor smoke-free bylaw. METHODS From 496 randomly selected Vancouver residents, information on demographics, smoking status, and opinions and support for or opposition to the smoke-fre...

OBJECTIVE To describe how the British Columbia Capital Regional District successfully passed, implemented, and enforced a 100% smokefree bylaw in all public places, including restaurants and bars, despite an aggressive campaign by the tobacco industry (acting through the hospitality industry) to stop it. METHODS Information was obtained from news reports, internal tobacco industry documents, ...

Equity is a key concern for municipalities, yet current planning scholarship lacks clear, pragmatic guidance on how to identify inequity in municipal zoning bylaws. Although controversial, the primary legal tool regulate land and its use. This study examines aspects of City Edmonton bylaw that are most inequitable by closely following city’s ongoing Zoning Bylaw Renewal Initiative. Applying but...

The Board of Parks and Recreation in Vancouver, BC approved a smoke-free bylaw in the city's parks, beaches and recreational facilities, effective 1 September 2010. We analyzed local news coverage and portrayal of the bylaw to understand the potential influence of news media on public perception of the bylaw in order to inform the media advocacy work of public health interest groups. We compile...