BACKGROUND Many different guidelines have been presented for the construction of multiple choice items. Those guidelines have been based on the observation of errors when constructing items but not on any clear scientific criterion. Our main objective was to draw up guidelines for the development of multiple choice items based on validity criteria. METHOD We used the properties of adjustment,...

In a critical review (Thomas and Baker, 2012), we argued for caution in evaluating reports of training-dependent adult structural plasticity measured with MRI. Here, we respond to the commentaries on our review, clarifying our position and addressing some of the specific criticisms raised.

During the liulf year ending January 31, 1911, there have been two groups of boys in a special class in Girard College, one group known as the "Retarded Class," the other as the "Delinquent Class." There were twenty-four boys in the Retarded Class and twenty-eight in the Delinquent Class. Retarded boys are those who have remained unduly long in a grade without promotion, the repeating having be...

The aim of this paper is to prove that the Dedekind zeta function for a number field has a meromorphic continuation to the complex plane, obtaining the analytic class number formula with it, and to present some of the applications of these results. In particular, It will be shown its use in proving Dirichlet’s prime number theorem and in calculating the class number of quadratic fields. The pro...

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Whaley’s Theorem on the existence of large proper sublattices of infinite lattices is extended to ordered sets and finite lattices. As a corollary it is shown that every finite lattice L with |L| ≥ 3 contains a proper sublattice S with |S| ≥ |L| 3 . It is also shown that that every finite modular lattice L with |L| ≥ 3 contains a proper sublattice S with |S| ≥ |L| 2 , and every finite distribut...