abstract:‎ literature is said beautiful words of poetry or prose that excites reader’s or listener’s feel. certainly, to ‎be effective, such a text should have certain characteristics. the four elements of the literature: thought, ‎imagination, emotion and style make a text to be literary and effective. emotion and imagination are ‎specific elements of literary texts, while thought and style a...

charles dickens was a voracious reader even in his childhood. his early reading of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century picaresque fiction greatly influenced his writing style. his first novel, the pickwick papers, is a tale of rogues and swindlers, adventures and quests, satire and comedy, and innocence and experience. oliver twist, dickens’ second novel, is a young boy’s progress through a cor...

Style As the conception of human underwent significant change during the renaissance era, the theory of human proportions gained great importance among the artists and art theorists of the time. The renaissance artists put considerable effort on finding and presenting an ideal model for human body proportions that could represent the newly founded status of the human being in their time. Howeve...

investigation the archetype of mother can help the reader to understand poes works, especially his fiction, better, if not fully. motivated by internal and external drives to get into the universe in its manifold form poe was impelled to art and, from various modes of art, to symbolism. how much was poe successful to produce works of art has been a matter of dispute among critics. however, ther...

Mirza Gholam Reza Isfahani (D. 1304 Ah) Qajar era’s calligrapher, is a comprehensive personality with own way in Iran’s calligraphic history, who is a unique calligrapher in Qajar era. Mirza Gholam Reza has been proficient at all common dengues and templates in calligraphy, and especially he has created a new way in black homework template. Gholam Hossein Amir Khani (B. 1318) is one...

With the beginning of Freud’s critique of psychoanalysis, a great change took place in the field of critique: since before Freudian psychoanalyzing method, all the critics were analyzing art and literatures based on artists’ conscious mind and their conscious intentions, but after that analyzers focus on unconscious mind to interpret artworks, and Jung who was one of his students, offered ideas...

Urban spaces and in other words urban design and architecture have been found with close linkage with art and beauty especially the arts such as painting and sculpture. Addressing beauty at different areas such as creation of galleries to offer works of art, addressing form of urban spaces and representing works of art in urban environment have improved social life and increased identity, conse...