in almost all of the present mathematical models, the upstream subbasins, with overland flow as the dominant type of flow, are simulated as a rectangular plane. however, the converging plane is the closest shape to an actual upstream subbasin. the intricate nature of the governing equations of the overland flow on a converging plane is the cause of prolonged absence of an analytical or semi ana...

Papers published in Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions are under open-access review for the journal Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Abstract Introduction Conclusions References Tables Figures ◭ ◮ ◭ ◮ Back Close Full Screen / Esc Printer-friendly Version Interactive Discussion EGU Abstract A Regional Water Resources study was performed at basins within and draining to the Basque...

The climate changes will be much more significant over the next 100 years and may lead to the heavy rainfall event. The heavy rainfall causes the flood hazard in the lowlands and geologic hazard in the mountains. Floods are also related to the changes in social economic conditions and land use. Recently, floods have been increasing due to rapid urbanization and human activity in the lowlands. T...

factor  is introduced for direct head loss calculation and sizing in dual-diameter laterals of sprinkler and trickle irrigation systems when the hazen-williams equation is to be applied. application of this factor prevents trial and error and uses fewer head-loss equations in calculating the total friction loss and designing dual-diameter laterals. the proposed factor is a function of total num...

the diagnostic accuracy of single photon emission computed tomography (spect) is profoundly influenced by attenuation phenomenon. soft tissue attenuation degrades cardiac spect image quality, thereby decreasing the possibility of the detection of the lesions. a variety of correction techniques based on different assumptions have been used to reduce the impact of attenuation. several types of sy...

[1] The reason for the survival of mountainous topography in ancient orogenic belts is a long-standing problem in geomorphology and geodynamics. We explore the geomorphologic controls on the timescale for the postorogenic decay of topography to address the question of whether there is a viable geomorphologic explanation for the persistence of topography in ancient orogenic belts or whether alte...

Introduction Evaluation of the delivered dose of externally wedged photon beams by external diode dosimeters during the treatment process requires the estimation of exit surface dose correction factors in various wedge angles and field sizes. Materials and Methods A system of absorbed dose evaluation, using p-type diode dosimeters placed on the exit surface of a phantom, was characterized for e...

introduction evaluation of the delivered dose of externally wedged photon beams by external diode dosimeters during the treatment process requires the estimation of exit surface dose correction factors in various wedge angles and field sizes. materials and methods a system of absorbed dose evaluation, using p-type diode dosimeters placed on the exit surface of a phantom, was characterized for e...