A novel biochemical sensor was assembled on a glass carbon electrode by a electrodeposition process. Gold nanoparticles were deposited by potential +1.5 V on the glass carbon electrode. CT-DNA was deposited by potential +1.5 V on the gold nanoparticles array electrode. The properties of the modified electrode were characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), X-ray photoelectro...

A simple thermodynamic theory of the equilibrium potentials of membrane electrodes is formulated and applied to the glass electrode for measurement of pH. The new formulation assumes the selective adsorption or binding of specific ions on the surface of the membrane which may or may not be permeable to the ion, and includes the conventional derivation based on reversible ion transport across me...

Introduction The concentration of ion H (pH) in solution plays very important role in chemical, biological and physical processes. Since Cremer (1906) first reported the pH response of oxide glasses, many theoretical researches about the glass electrode and its applications have been carried out. The glass electrode is stable mechanically and chemically and can be used in the wide range of solv...

a pvc-based membrane containing cerium phosphate was developed. unlike the cerium phosphate itself that acts as a cation exchanger, the membrane exhibited anion-exchange properties. therefore, the utility of this compound as a sensory element for detection of molybdate ions was pursued. the response of molybdate selective electrode based on this membrane was perfectly linear in the concentratio...

A pH electrode measures hydrogen ion (H+) activity and produces an electrical potential or voltage. The operation of the pH electrode is based on the principle that an electric potential develops when two liquids of different pH come into contact at opposite sides of a thin glass membrane. This was originally discovered in 1906 by Max Cremer [1]. His discovery laid the foundation for Fritz Habe...

We have investigated the variations in the potentials of sodium-selective glass-membrane electrodes in various concentrations of albumin. These protein solutions serve as a simple model for measurements of electrolytes in whole blood, plasma, or serum with such an electrode. The results indicate that albumin-sodium binding and variations in liquid-junction potentials are of negligible importanc...

The patch clamp method measures membrane currents at very high resolution when a high-resistance 'gigaseal' is established between the glass microelectrode and the cell membrane (Pflugers Arch. 391 (1981) 85; Neuron 8 (1992) 605). Here we describe the first use of the silicone elastomer, poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), for patch clamp electrodes. PDMS is an attractive material for patch clamp re...