To investigate the metabolic fates of glutamine in splenocytes from the BB rat with spontaneous immunologically mediated insulin-dependent diabetes, freshly isolated cells were incubated in Krebs-Ringer Hepes buffer with 1.0 mM-[U-14C]glutamine and 0, 4 mM- or 15 mM-glucose. (1) The major products of glutamine metabolism in splenocytes from normal and diabetic rats were ammonia, glutamate, aspa...

We explored the possibility that circulating glutamine affects gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in rat striatal tissue and GABA concentrations in striatal extracellular fluid (ECF). Striatal microdialysates, each collected over a 20 min interval, were obtained after no treatment, oral L-glutamine (0.5 g/kg), or glutamine followed by NMDA (administered via the microdialysis probe). GABA con...

BACKGROUND Glutamine is routinely added to most cell cultures. Glutamine has been found to be the preferential nutrient to the rapidly replicating intestinal mucosa, but whether this is a metabolic effect or due to other properties of this amino acid is not determined. To study the importance of glutamine on the growth of two enterocyte-like cell lines, the effects of depriving the media or sup...

INTRODUCTION This review summarizes the achievement and role of supplemental therapy in prevention of severe complications following anticancer treatment. AREAS COVERED A promising supplemental therapy agent in the field is glutamine. Glutamine (Gln) is an amino acid that is produced in physiological conditions in human cells. However, in pathological states, glutamine production is often ins...

Glutamine is an important amino acid for immune function. Though high intensity and prolonged exercise decreases plasma glutamine concentration and causes immune suppression, the relationship between neutrophil functions and glutamine has not yet been found. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impacts of glutamine supplementation on neutrophil function. Twenty-six male university j...

Glutamine is a marked stimulant for protein synthesis by various isolated cellular systems. Thus, Eagle, Piez, and Fleishman ($) report that the incorporation of phenylalanine into protein of nongrowing human tissue cultures is stimulated twofold by glutamine. Similarly, Rychlik and Sorm (15) found that glutamine brings about a several-fold increase in the formation of amylase and proteases by ...

Glutamine can play a critical role in cellular growth in multiple cancers. Glutamine-addicted cancer cells are dependent on glutamine for viability, and their metabolism is reprogrammed for glutamine utilization through the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Here, we have uncovered a missing link between cancer invasiveness and glutamine dependence. Using isotope tracer and bioenergetic analysis, ...

randomised, double blind controlled trial. Nutrition 1999;15:860 6. Semba RD, Tang AM. Micronutrients and the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Br J Nutr 1999;81:181 7. Stehle P, Zander J, Mertes N, et al. Effect of parenteral glutamine dipeptide supplements on muscle glutamine loss and nitrogen balance after major surgery. Lancet 1989;i:231 8. O’Riordain M, Fearon KC, Ros...

Nitrogen fertilizer application rates in intensive agricultural systems have increased dramatically in recent years, especially in protected vegetable production systems. This excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer has resulted in soil secondary salinity, which has become a significant environmental stress for crops such as cucumber, in the protected farmlands. It is thus necessary to illuminate ...