in recent years, size of vlsi circuits is dramatically grown and layout generation of current circuits has become a dominant task in design flow. standard cell placement is an effective stage of physical design and quality of placement affects directly on the performance, power consumption and signal immunity of design. placement can be performed analytically or heuristically. analytical placer...

In recent years, size of VLSI circuits is dramatically grown and layout generation of current circuits has become a dominant task in design flow. Standard cell placement is an effective stage of physical design and quality of placement affects directly on the performance, power consumption and signal immunity of design. Placement can be performed analytically or heuristically. Analytical placer...

The purpose of this article is to review the literature on the topic of deterministic vehicle routing problem (VRP) and to give a review on the exact and approximate solution techniques. More specifically the approximate (meta-heuristic) solution techniques are classified into: tabu search, simulated annealing, genetic algorithm, evolutionary algorithm, hybrid algorithm, and Ant Colony Opti...

As a small energy system, microgrid plays an important role in utilizing distributed resources, improving traditional networks, and building intelligent integrated systems. However, management is always challenging optimization problem due to different factors. Meta-heuristics have been widely used solve complex problems many fields, including there lack of systematic summary the application me...

One of the problems faced by planners when designed an expansion plan for water resources systems is selecting the sequence of projects that satisfies a given demand at minimum cost, some prescribed time into the future. This problem is indeed closely related to what is generally known as the capacity expansion problem although unique local conditions at each project site result in a somewhat d...