A ring is called a Gelfand ring (pm ring ) if each prime ideal is contained in a unique maximal ideal. For a Gelfand ring R with Jacobson radical zero, we show that the following are equivalent: (1) R is Artinian; (2) R is Noetherian; (3) R has a finite Goldie dimension; (4) Every maximal ideal is generated by an idempotent; (5) Max (R) is finite. We also give the following resu1ts:an ideal...

It is well known that the multiplier ideal J (r · a) of an ideal a determines in a straightforward way the multiplier ideal J (r ·f) of a sufficiently general element f of a. We give an explicit condition on a polynomial f ∈ C[x1, . . . , xn] which guarantees that it is a sufficiently general element of the most natural associated monomial ideal, the ideal generated by its terms. This allows us...

In this correspondence, for every periodic p−ary sequence satisfying ideal two-level autocorrelation property the existence of an element of the field GF(p) which appears one time less than all the rest that are equally distributed in a period of that sequence, is proved by algebraic method. In addition, it is shown that such a special element might not be only the zero element but as well arbi...

first we show that the cosets of a fuzzy ideal μ in a bck-algebrax form another bck-algebra  x/μ (called the fuzzy quotient bck-algebra of x by μ). also we show thatx/μ is a fuzzy partition of x and we prove several some isomorphism theorems. moreover we prove that if the associated fuzzy similarity relation of a fuzzy partition p of a commutative bck-algebra iscompatible, then p is a fuzzy quo...

Let $G$ be a group with identity $e$ and $R$ be a commutative $G$-graded ring with nonzero unity $1$. In this article, we introduce the concept of graded $r$-ideals. A proper graded ideal $P$ of a graded ring $R$ is said to be graded $r$-ideal if whenever $a, bin h(R)$ such that $abin P$ and $Ann(a)={0}$, then $bin P$. We study and investigate the behavior of graded $r$-ideals to introduce ...

KrulΓs principal ideal theorm [Krull] states that q elements in the maximal ideal of a local noetherian ring generate an ideal whose minimal components are all of height at most q. Writing R for the ring, we may consider the q elements, x19 , xq say, as coordinates of an element xeR. It is an easy observation that every homomorphism R —> R carries x to an element of the ideal generated by xi9 ,...

• Current approaches to evaluation in XML retrieval rely on ideal recall base • How to evaluate without defining an ideal recall base? • Our Approach: Differentiate between the relevance of a retrieval element in isolation and the relevance of a retrieval element as a member of a set (i.e. a ranked list) of nondisjoint elements using structure of elements in collection Documents XML Elements Me...

Attempts up to now to develop an analog realization of a fractional order control (FOC) element have focused on constructing an approximation of the FOC using ideal resistor/capacitor networks.[1] In fact, an ideal capacitor cannot exist. An ideal dielectric in a capacitor having an impedance of the form 1/(jωC) would violate causality. It seems sensible to look for dielectric materials exhibit...

First we show that the cosets of a fuzzy ideal μ in a BCK-algebraX form another BCK-algebra  X/μ (called the fuzzy quotient BCK-algebra of X by μ). Also we show thatX/μ is a fuzzy partition of X and we prove several some isomorphism theorems. Moreover we prove that if the associated fuzzy similarity relation of a fuzzy partition P of a commutative BCK-algebra iscompatible, then P is a fuzzy quo...