a model of the iranian wheat market is specified and fitted to data from 1981-2008. severaldiagnostic tests were employed in the analysis to determine the specification of the model. despitethe simplicity of the model and data problems, an examination of the econometric model leads toseveral conclusions with possible important policy implications for the wheat economy in iran.the general result...

In contrast to other EU countries, Cyprus lacks comprehensive health care coverage for its population, thus a significant portion of the population lacks insurance for medicines. Due to the small size of the country and small indigenous pharmaceutical industry, pharmaceuticals are mainly imported. Prices in the private sector are determined based on the ex-factory price from the country of orig...

virtual water adds a new dimension to crop trades and provides a new way of thinking about water scarcity. a systematic analysis of virtual water flows requires integration of all critical drivers of virtual water flows under a single consistent framework. the aim of this study was to assess virtual water flows related to trades of grain crops (wheat, corn, rice, and coarse cereals) and their i...

In the present study Iran’s rice imports trend is forecasted, using artificial neural networks and econometric methods, during 2009 to 2013, and their results are compared. The results showed that feet forward neural network leading with less forecast error and had better performance in comparison to econometric techniques and also, other methods of neural networks, such as Recurrent networks a...

Recent economic geography and trade empirical studies based on monopolistic competition [Hanson, 1998; Head and Ries, 1999; Hummels, 1999], suggest high levels of trade price elasticities (between 3 and 11). However, direct estimations of price-elasticities in trade equations, using price indexes at aggregate or industry levels, usually lead to much lower values (around unity). In this paper, w...

Due to outdated weighting information, a Laspeyres‐based consumer price index (CPI) is prone accumulating upward bias. Therefore, the present study introduces and examines simple transparent revision approaches that retrospectively address source of They provide consistent long‐run time series CPI require no additional information. Furthermore, coherent decomposition bias into contributions ind...

This paper investigates the long-run relationship between international trade and protectionism, which is measured by a sub-component of KOF globalization index using standard import model with heterogeneous balanced panel 34 countries from 1970 to 2017. The tested GDP Import Intensity-Adjusted Demand (IAD) as an activity variable for performance comparison. Both specifications are estimated re...