This article is about the institutional collaboration in the management structure of a city-region. To achieve this purpose, corporate limits of Qazvin are studied as the city is becoming a region.  The possible institutional cooperative in the centralist governmental structure is planned based on the new regionalism theory and its governance pattern, new institutionalism theory and its emphas...

Environmental problems often arise from deficient, uncertain or confusing information about what ecosystem goods and services are available, how they are important to humans, who benefits and over what scales, combined with incomplete, inconsistent or unenforceable rules, rights and responsibilities. Establishing rules, rights and responsibilities at the range of spatial and temporal scales at ...

Since the emergence of the cultural turn in translation studies, external factors affecting translation have re- ceived attention in this field. Macro factors such as culture, politics in target contexts, history, ideological manipulation, and translators’ institutional rules have become the concern of translation studies. Consider- ing these factors, the current...

This article discusses the evolution of institutional rules, the prescriptions that humans use to shape their collective activities. Four aspects of the rules are discussed: coding, creation, selection, and memory. The immune system provides us a useful metaphor to relate these four aspects into a coherent framework. For each aspect, the relevant dynamics in social systems and immune systems ar...