Recent versions of international high-stakes tests like TOEFL and IELTS have made use of integrated tasks in addition to the traditional independent tasks in a claim to provide a more realistic estimation of the test takers’ language abilities. The present study aimed to investigate how test takers’ performance may differ on such tasks. As such, the test takers’ performance was compared on IELT...

Undoubtedly, public spaces can be considered as an essential factor, which could contribute to urban arrangement, create and maintain a strong local center and enhance the quality of superior environment and the sense of citizenship. Moreover, integrity has always been the most basic structural qualities and one of the key principles of cities. Integrated urban spaces exhibit the integrated str...

Background: Most patients experience decreased physical, psychosocial, and spiritual comfort while receiving mechanical ventilation. Regarding the Muslim patients, diminished comfort might be associated with alterations in performing daily rituals, such as saying prayers (salat) and reciting the Holy Qur’an. This pilot study aimed to determine the effects of comfort care integrated with the Hol...

Medicine is now undertaking a paramount revolution that will alter the nature of healthcare from reactive to proactive. It is imperative to integrate experimental and computational investigation in order to appreciate complex biological systems in the era of precision medicine. In light of this revolution, we necessitate to precision medicine means such as systems approaches (genomics, radiogen...

This paper describes a knowledge-based system for automatically synthesizing integrated circuit layouts for NMOS cells. The desired cell layouts are specified in terms of their general structural and functional characteristics. From these initial specifications, the system produces correct and CoriJpact cell layouts. The system performs this task by generating plan steps at different levels of ...

III.1. Basic Model for the Operational Amplifier. The OPerational AMPlifier (OPAMP) is a key building block in analog integrated circuit design. The OPAMP is composed by several transistors and passive elements (resistors and capacitors) and arranged such that its low frequency voltage gain is very high; the dc gain of the OPAMP-741 is around 10 V/V (10 μV at the input give us 1 V at the output...

A multilayered integrated circuit (IC) package structure is composed of many signal layers, power layers, and ground layers. Particularly, the whole planes are assigned for the power and ground of the system. Accordingly, the generic circuit representation of such a complicated multilayer IC package becomes too complicated to efficiently evaluate its electrical performance. In this work, a nove...