introduction: this study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of referred pain with pulpal source in the head, face and neck region among patients referred to dental school of shahid beheshti university mc, tehran, iran in 2004. materials and methods: in this cross-sectional study, 100 patients (55 males and 45 females) referred to oral medicine department of shahid beheshti dental school ev...

BACKGROUND Women having their first birth have a higher risk of episiotomies. Therefore, the study of the procedure in this group of at risk women will assist in solving some of its associated controversies. AIM The aim was to determine the prevalence, predictors, and outcomes of episiotomy among primigravid women in Enugu, Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was a retrospective cross-...

background critical-care patients are at higher risk of untreated pain, because they are often unable to communicate owing to altered mental status, tracheal intubation and sedation. objectives this study compared two pain assessment tools on tracheal intubated critically ill patients in a cardiac post-anesthesia care unit, who were unable to communicate verbally. the studied tools were “critic...

background: dysmenorrhea which means menstrual pain is the most common complaint in women and is one of the problems of health care. iranian traditional medicine (itm) considers dysmenorrhea as osre-tams and mentha longifolia has been indicated as one of the plants that is effective for its treatment. the objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of mentha longifolia on patients with se...

Conflict of interest: none Objective: obtaining information on the factors associated with episiotomy will be useful in sensitizing professionals to the need to minimize its incidence. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate risk factors for episiotomy in pregnant women who had undergone vaginal delivery at a university maternity hospital in northeastern Brazil. Methods: a case-c...

abstract introduction: primary dysmenorrhea is common in women during reproductive age. objective: this study aimed to determine the effect of acupressure on sixth spleen point (sp6) on relief of primary dysmenorrhea. methods: this study is a clinical trial. students with primary dysmenorrheal living in dormitory were studied during three menstrual cycles. pain intensity was measured on the fir...

Background: Pain is of stressful and unpleasant procedures after daily dressing of burn wound, so that if the burn pain is not alleviated properly, it can cause harmful effects other than discomfort. There is evidence that cathodal stimulation of somatosensory cortex can be effective in relieving acute pain. Aim: The main purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Direct Transcranial ...