bootstrapping the dea is one of the current methods of measuring robust efficiency by constructing a confidence interval and measuring the noise (bias) in production. in this study, two estimators: the conventional data envelopment analysis (dea) and bootstrap simulation with 2,000 bootstrap iterations were applied on a cross sectional data of 296 broiler farms in peninsular malaysia. the objec...

introduction: discharge of textile wastewater causes the reduction of sunlight penetration, interferes with the receiving waters ecology and damage the environment. the aim of this study was to determine the removal efficiency of reactive blue 19 dye from aqueous solutions by cuttlefish bone powder. materials & methods: this study was performed experimentally and in laboratory scale. in this re...

the purpose of the present work is to establish a one-to-one correspondence between the family of interval type-2 fuzzy reflexive/tolerance approximation spaces and the family of interval type-2 fuzzy closure spaces.

in this paper, we introduce a satisfaction function (sf) to compare interval values on the basis oftseng and klein’s idea. the sf estimates the degree to which arithmetic comparisons between two intervalvalues are satisfied. then, we define two other functions called lower and upper sf based on the sf. weapply these functions in order to present a new interpretation of inequality constraints wi...

the purpose of this article is to design a model for measuring productivity in the public sector . to this end both effectiveness and efficiency are considered. the measurement of effectiveness focus on four dimention ; service delivering to client, citizen satisfaction, improvement of society?s conditions and undesired outcomes of service delivery . we used delphi methods to define the effecti...

This study examines the effect of regulatory policy on efficiency under prudential framework among banks listed in the Iranian Securities and Exchange Organization over the period 2003 to 2015. Arellano-Bond estimation method has been patronized to investigate the effect of regulatory policies on efficiency. Results indicate that regulatory policy indicator indexing reserve requirement on inves...

the response of root to water stress is one of the most important parameters for researchers. study of growth and distribution of root under different irrigation managements helpsresearchersto a better understanding of soil water content, and the availability of water and nutrition in water stress condition. to investigate the effects of four levels of irrigation under two different deficit irr...

Covering models have found many applications in a wide variety of real-world problems; nevertheless, some assumptions of covering models are not realistic enough. Accordingly, a general approach would not be able to answer the needs of encountering varied aspects of real-world considerations. Assumptions like the unavailability of servers, uncertainty, and evaluating more factors at the same ti...