The study investigates the effect of financial development on major economic indicators, i.e., growth, inflation, and employment by applying System GMM estimation technique for a panel 120 countries period 1997 to 2017. Four distinct proxies are used, private sector credit, liquid liabilities, money quasi money, bank credit. results contradict traditional supply-lending hypothesis reveal negati...

A hierarchical approach to planning production in complex manufacturing systems is presented. A single facilitg containing a number of work-centers that prvduce multiple part types is considered. The planning horizon includes a sequence of time periods, and the demand for all part types is assumed to be known. The production planning problem consists of minimizing the holding costs for the work...

The enlargement of the general-equilibrium structure to allow for default subject to appropriate credit limits and default penalties results in a construction of a simple mechanism for a credit using society. We show that there generically exists a price-normalizing bundle that determines a credit money along with appropriate credit limits and default penalties for the credit mechanism to selec...

Recently, the enterprises, from a financial perspective, have been seeing that need of the integrating with others with trade credit policies as a promising issue for savings in the supply chain. In this direction, this paper establishes a new economic production quantity (EPQ) inventory model for deteriorating items under two levels of trade credit, in which the supplier offers to the retailer...

This paper tries to incorporate both Chung and Huang (2003b) and Huang and Chung (2003) to develop the buyer’s inventory model. That is, we want to investigate the buyer’s optimal cycle time and optimal payment time under supplier’s trade credit policy and cash discount policy. Mathematical models have been derived for obtaining the optimal cycle time and optimal payment time for item under sup...

This paper studies the choice of payment instruments in a simple model where both money and credit can be used as means of payment. We endogenize the acceptability of credit by allowing retailers to invest in a costly record-keeping technology. Our framework captures the two-sided market interaction between consumers and retailers, leading to strategic complementarities that can generate multip...

In this paper we study a type of production-inventory system in which the production and demand rates are modulated by a background state process modeled as a finite state Continuous Time Markov Chain (CTMC). When the production rate exceeds the demand rate, the inventory level increases, and when the demand rate exceeds the production rate, it decreases. When the inventory level reaches zero, ...

The bank interest rate is one of the most important macroeconomic variable in each country economic. The purpose of this paper is find the relationship between the facility interest rate and three main variable of the money market.In Iran. this issue for equations the interest rate facility, the interest rate of deposit, inflation and credit risk utilizing the model simultaneous equation system...