In this paper we present SCALE, a new Python toolkit that contains two extensions to n-gram language models. The first extension is a novel technique to model compound words called Semantic Head Mapping (SHM). The second extension, Bag-of-Words Language Modeling (BagLM), bundles popular models such as Latent Semantic Analysis and Continuous Skip-grams. Both extensions scale to large data and al...

Postpartum period is one of the sensitive in any women’s life. As Hung Stress Scale effective scale that measures level stress postpartum mothers. So, study was conducted to translate and adapt this for Pakistani population. The aim into Urdu language establish its psychometric properties. 343 mothers from government hospitals Bahawalpur were studied purpose. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) v...

it is well documented that language learning success or failure is influenced by the affective side of the learner. self-efficacy and anxiety are among the affective factors influencing language learning. this study first explores the relationship between efl learners' self-efficacy in reading comprehension and their reading anxiety. secondly, it explores the relationship between efl learners' ...

Maintaining that language and culture are interwoven to the extent that learning the former is largely dependent on the latter, this study aimed to investigate the attitude of Iranian English as Foreign Language (EFL) Learners of Tehran South Branch of Islamic Azad University (both undergraduates and postgraduates) towards the learning of the cultural aspects of language, both the target and so...

Language classrooms are occasionally anxiety-breeding situations. Foreign language classroom anxiety which negatively affects foreign language learning is typically associated with productive activities mainly speaking skill. To cope with the issue and overcome language learning difficulties, the present study was conducted to explore the impact of mobile-assisted language learning on enhancing...

We describe first results obtained during the development of an automatic system for the assessment of spoken English proficiency of university students. The ultimate aim of this system is to allow fast, consistent and objective assessment of oral proficiency for the purpose of placing students in courses appropriate to their language skills. Rate of speech (ROS) was chosen as an indicator of f...

Whilst several examples of segment based approaches to language identification (LID) have been published, they have been typically conducted using only a small number of languages, or varying feature sets, thus making it difficult to determine how the segment length influences the accuracy of LID systems. In this study, phone-triplets are used as crude approximates for a syllable-length sub-wor...