One of the most important aspects affecting the performance of a supply chain is the management of inventories. Managing inventory in complex supply chains is typically difficult, and may have a significant impact on the customer service level and system-wide costs. The main challenge of inventory management is that almost every inventory problem involves multiple and conflicting objectives tha...

This paper presents the economic production quantity (EPQ) models for the imperfect quality items produced with/without the presence of shortage condition. The models are presented in a two-level supply chain composed of a single manufacturer and a single buyer to investigate the performance of vendormanaged inventory (VMI) policy. The total costs are minimized to obtain the optimal production ...

In this paper we attempt to integrate production scheduling and distribution routing problems to minimize the total cost of the supply chain under uncertain environments. The particle swarm optimization method is used to select the location of the distribution center, combining it with the tabu search algorithm to solve vehicle distribution route problem. Especially, the location of each partic...

This paper considers a two stages pharmaceutical supply chain (PSC) consisting of a pharmaceutical manufacturer (pharma-manufacturer) that supplies one type of pharmaceutical product to a pharma-retailer. The customer demand rate for the pharmaceutical product is dependent on the pharma-retailer’s current-inventory level. The pharma-retailer determines the order quantity ( ) value as decision v...

cellular manufacturing system is one of the most important applications of group technology. design of this system involves many structural and operational issues, in which the cell formation and production planning are two important steps. in this paper, a new mathematical model is proposed for integration of cell formation and production planning problems with the aim of minimizing the overal...

 It is scientifically challenging to determine the inventory level all through the supply chain in such a way that the desired objectives such as effectiveness and responsiveness of the supply chain system can be obtained. Simulation is a means for solving various problems which cannot be solved by regular exact models such as mathematical ones due to their complexity. The present paper is aime...

The purpose of this paper is to develop a multi-item economic order quantity (EOQ) model with shortage for a single-buyer single-supplier supply chain under green vendor managed inventory (VMI) policy. This model explicitly includes the VMI contractual agreement between the vendor and the buyer such as warehouse capacity and delivery constraints, bounds for each order, and limits on the number ...

This paper studies a location–routing–inventory problem in a multi-period closed-loop supply chain with multiple suppliers, producers, distribution centers, customers, collection centers, recovery, and recycling centers. In this supply chain, centers are multiple levels, a price increase factor is considered for operational costs at centers, inventory and shortage (including lost sales and back...

Coordination of market decisions with other aspects of operations management such as production and inventory decisions has long been a meticulous research issue in supply chain management. Generally, changes to the original lot-sizing policy stimulated by market prices may impose remarkable deviation revenue throughout the supply and demand chain system. This paper examines how to set the chan...

With information revolution, increased globalization and competition, supply chain has become longer and more complicated than ever before. These developments bring supply chain management to the forefront of the management’s attention. Inventories are very important in a supply chain. The total investment in inventories is enormous, and the management of inventory is crucial to avoid shortages...