Micromachining can be considered a fabrication technology for building devices with feature sizes from a few microns to a few mils, often with moving parts. MicroeElectroMechemical Systems (MEMS) is a term often used interchangeably with micromachining. MEMS devices, however, are distinguished from micromachining by their mechanical nature, because moving parts are often a required component to...

richard saltman and antonio duran take up the challenging issue of governance in their article “governance, government and the search for new provider models,” and use two case studies of health policy changes in sweden and spain to shed light on the subject. in this commentary, i seek to link their conceptualization of governance, especially its interrelated roles at the macro, meso, and micro...

background: wide range of disorders ranging from genetic disorders to coital difficulties can influence male fertility. in this regard, genetic factors are highlighted as the most frequent, contributed to 10-15%, of male infertility causes. objective: to investigate the influence of genetic abnormalities on semen quality and reproductive hormone levels of infertile men from northeast china. mat...

the micro wire electrical discharge machining (micro wire-edm) process is a modern machining process with various applications in manufacturing micro-parts. the recast layer remaining on the machined surfaces is an inevitable complication of this process. this layer can subsequently affect the machined parts performance. to optimize the recast layer in the micro wire-edm of the molybdenum micro...

Background: The potential toxicity of human exposure was investigated to heavy metals from diverse sources but few or none was on Iranian soaps. Hence, we aimed to determine the presence of lead and mercury in selected soaps commonly used in Mashhad, northeastern Iran. Methods: Different common brands of cosmetic, hygiene and contraband soaps were purchased from retail market of Mashhad in 2...