To save overhead and penalty costs, in many cases of Multi-Period Multi-Product (MPMP) planning systems, reducing the completion time is highly desirable. Therefore, in this paper we study this problem. We propose an approach in which a MPMP problem is converted into a project management network. Then, considering network concepts and properties, a multi stage novel mathematical model is propos...

Starting in the 1960s, a number of academic works have focused in serial and distributed multi-echelon structures and in both deterministic and stochastic environments. Clark and Scarf (1960, 1962) developed a seminal work in which they presented optimal policies for a serial multi-echelon system. Schwartz (1973) studied a deterministic model having one warehouse and N retailers and showed that...

BACKGROUND Electronic cigarette awareness and use has been increasing rapidly. E-cigarette brands have utilized social networking sites to promote their products, as the growth of the e-cigarette industry has paralleled that of Web 2.0. These online platforms are cost-effective and have unique technological features and user demographics that can be attractive for selective marketing. The popul...

We show that in many applied economic models, it is possible to reduce the dimensionality of the space of actions to what we call “sufficient decisions.” We find that for monopoly and oligopoly in multi-sided markets and multi-product markets, the market equilibrium can be transformed into an equivalent market equilibrium in which each firm makes a single decision. Because profit maximization c...

this paper deals with the product mix problem using the concept of theory of constraints (toc). theory of constraints is one of the most efficient approaches which have been applied to solve the product mix problem heuristically. although there are numerous heuristic and meta-heuristics to solve this problem, finding the optimal solution in a reasonable time is still a challenging issue. in thi...

In many markets, competing but differentiated firms offer a product line in order to target each product to a different type of customer. Under competition, firms, while trying to target different products to different segments, are also interested in "stealing" customers from the competitors and, in particular, customers from the most profitable segments. How should a profit-maximising firm al...

Real-time control of product performance parameters is a key for proactive quality control (QC), as it can prevent the occurrence of potential quality problems in the earliest stage of manufacturing. It is recognized that dynamic product QC must be coordinated with the control of the process through which eywords: roduct quality control rocess control ntegrated product and process engineering u...