abstractâ cultural norms state human-nature interaction by affecting individual and group values system. ethical norms are the most important ones in which nature and its components become evaluated based on ethical views. there are different ethical normative views toward human-nature interaction. they have been currently categorized into three types of anthropocentric, bio centric and eco cen...

The art world changed forever when Jackson Pollock picked up a can and poured paint onto a vast canvas rolled across the floor of his windswept barn. Fifty years on, art theorists recognize his patterns as being a revolutionary approach to aesthetics. A significant step forward in understanding Pollock’s aesthetics occurred in 1999 when my scientific analysis showed that his paintings are fract...

Natural systems harbor complex interactions that are fundamental parts of ecology and evolution. These interactions challenge our inclinations and training to seek the simplest explanations of patterns in nature. Not least is the likelihood that some complex processes might be missed when their patterns look similar to predictions for simpler mechanisms. Along these lines, theory and empirical ...

Why do some places have much higher diversity than others? Explaining patterns of species diversity on the earth is a problem of long-standing for ecologists. Numerous diversity patterns have been documented [1], but the mechanisms behind these patterns remain poorly understood. If we knew the mechanisms, surer decisions in conservation and management would be possible. Understanding can be sou...

From swarming bacteria to social interactions among humans, the emergence of patterns in nature is ubiquitous. Pattern formation is often governed by collective dynamics, wherein individual components of a system begin to move or organize in a coherent way. The generation of patterns in nonlinear dynamical systems is found in nearly all subfields of science and provides insight into some of the...