The chronic defibrillation energy requirement (DER) is believed to remain clinically stable in patients with defibrillators. Six patients (two with an epicardial and four with a nonthoracotomy system) were identified with a rise in their chronic DER, which eliminated a 10-J safety margin, thus necessitating a defibrillator lead system revision. The mean increase in DER was 14.7 +/- 4 J and was ...

In the most recent heuristic methods, the high potential buses for capacitor placement are initially identified and ranked using loss sensitivity factors (LSFs) or power loss index (PLI). These factors or indices help to reduce the search space of the optimization procedure, but they may not always indicate the appropriate placement of capacitors. This paper proposes an efficient approach for t...

due to the increasing interest on renewable sources in recent years, the studies on integration of distributed generation to the power grid have rapidly increased. in order to minimize line losses of power systems, it is crucially important to define the size and location of local generation to be placed. minimizing the losses in the system would bring two types of saving, in real life, one is ...

this paper presents a probabilistic confidence-interval based method for optimal placement of shunt capacitors in distribution networks by considering probabilistic characteristics of loads. the main objective function are reducing loss and improving the voltage profile. backward forward sweep method has been employed to obtain the power flow results in distribution system. in addition, integer...

in this paper, a new method based on branch placement for the optimal positioning of phasor measurement units (pmus) in power systems is proposed. in this method, the pmus are in type of single-channel and are installed at the beginning of the branches. therefore, they are able to measure the bus voltages. also, the installation of the pmus on the branches increases the security of observabilit...

The virtual power plant (VPP) is a developing concept in the modern engineering field. This paper presents local search optimization (LSO) algorithm-based for energy management distribution network. proposed LSO algorithm used optimal selection and location of distributed resources (DER), regulation load, usage storage systems VPP. DERs are renewable sources (RES) that consist solar PV wind sou...

Today due to increasing and evolving of electrical grids, the optimal and profitable energy production is among producers' major concerns. Thus, conventional ways of production and trading energy are being replaced by modern economical procedures. In addition, distributed energy resources (DERs) in form of renewable and conventional resources as well as responsive loads play an important role i...