This report is based on an action research multiple baseline design study across five different qualitative aspects of spoken interaction used to evaluate the effectiveness of a flashcard system to improve oral performance in the ESL classroom. The participants were ten children attending third grade in a public school in Bogotá, and who were assessed as having low oral performance in spoken En...

Some reports suggest variation in physiological responses and athletic performance, for female athletes at specific phases of the menstrual cycle. However, inconsistent findings are common due to the inappropriate verification of menstrual cycle phase, small subject numbers, high intra- and interindividual variability in estrogen and progesterone concentration, and the pulsatile secretion of th...

While the research base is limited, studies have consistently reported poor oral health in elite athletes since the first report from the 1968 Olympic Games. The finding is consistent both across selected samples attending dental clinics at major competitions and more representative sampling of teams and has led to calls from the International Olympic Committee for more accurate data on oral he...

patients and methods a cross-sectional study was conducted at icus of imam-reza and vali-asr hospitals, birjand, iran. sampling was done through a census in which 53 icu nurses participated. descriptive statistics, kolmogorov-smirnov test, mann-whitney u tests and kendall's correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data. results a total of 53 nurses participated in this study. most of th...

BACKGROUND Evaluating health needs includes measures of the impact of state of health on the quality of life. This entails evaluating the psychosocial aspects of health. To achieve this, several tools for measuring the quality of life related to oral health have been developed. However, it is vital to evaluate the psychometric properties of these tools so they can be used in a new context and o...

abstractthis study aimed to shed light on young iranian efl students’ oral proficiency improvement through explicit instruction of formulaic sequences (fss). this pretest-posttest quasi experimental study was conducted in a bilingual school in shahrekord, iran. accordingly, based on actfl opi test, two groups of low intermediate students with age range of 11 to 12 were chosen to be assigned as ...

background: the purpose of this study was to describe the knowledge and attitude of pregnant women in qazvin province, central iran, relating to oral hygiene. methods: the study group comprised of 760 pregnant women living in qazvin, center of iran in 2004. the questions were formulated to evaluate information without the need for dental examination. the age groups between 17-41 years old were ...

This study aimed to investigate the impact of pre-speaking activities on Iranian intermediate English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners’ oral performance. The study followed a quasi-experimental design in which subjects of the study were non-randomly selected. Oxford Placement Test (OPT) was used to select 100 intermediate EFL learners as the main sample. Then they were divided randomly into...