background: women's role in family and their participation in social, economical and cultural activities make them a part of development process. paying attention to women's health is a social investment. nowadays 70% of women suffer from breast pain and two third of these pains are periodical. among the pain killing methods, herbal medicine is more compatible with human body and has fewer side...

BACKGROUND Estrogen plus progestin therapy increases breast cancer incidence and breast tenderness. Whether breast tenderness during estrogen plus progestin therapy is associated with breast cancer risk is uncertain. METHODS We analyzed data from the Women's Health Initiative Estrogen + Progestin Trial, which randomized postmenopausal women with an intact uterus to receive daily conjugated eq...

BACKGROUND Phytoestrogens may be an alternative therapy in control of menopausal symptoms but their definite effects on breast tissue must be determined. Our study aimed to define the clinical and ultrasonographic changes of the breast after use of soy isoflavones in menopausal women. MATERIALS AND METHODS Menopausal women with hot flashes were randomly grouped as cases and controls and cases...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Tissue hardness (induration), pain and tenderness are common late adverse effects of curative radiotherapy for early breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) in patients with tissue induration after high-dose radiotherapy for early breast cancer in a double-blind placebo-controlled randomised pha...

BACKGROUND Cooking has a great influence on meat tenderness, and we assumed that changes of tenderness in this process resulted from the liberation of actin and associated structural changes. Therefore, in this study, we investigated changes in the microstructure and tenderness when duck breast muscle were cooked to different internal endpoint temperatures (70, 80, 90, 95 °C) by three cooking r...

Conventional oestrogen-based hormone therapy (HT) increases the incidence of breast pain and tenderness, mammographic density and the risk of breast cancer. Combined oestrogen plus progestogen therapy (EPT) increases the risk of breast cancer to a greater degree than oestrogen alone (ET). Attention must therefore be focused on identifying women at risk of breast cancer or on producing a HT that...

The objective of this study was to gain insight into the mechanisms underlying heating-induced tenderness in muscle food products by comparing tenderness changes in chicken breast (Pectoralis major) and salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) during high-temperature treatment. Relationships among changes in chicken breast and pink salmon muscle were investigated for tenderness, cook loss, area shrinkag...

We conducted a study to evaluate the effects of intramuscular fat levels on the sensory characteristics of duck breast meat. Combining duck genotypes (Muscovy, Pekin, and their crossbreed hinny and mule ducks) and feeding levels (overfeeding between 12 and 14 wk of age vs. ad libitum feeding) enabled us to obtain a wide range of lipid levels in breast muscle. The average values were between 2.5...

Learning Objectives: 1. Perimenopause, although characterized as a time of dropping estradiol, involves chaotic estrogen levels that average >20% higher and intermittently are extremely high and ovulatory disturbances with decreasing progesterone levels. 2. Perimenopause begins and is most symptomatic when cycles remain regular. 3. Perimenopause is highly symptomatic for more than 20% of women—...