background and aim: probing is the only reliable method for diagnosing periodontal diseases; however, it is a painful examination. the purpose of this study was evaluation of the effect of emla anesthetic gel on the level of pain upon probing in patients with chronic periodontitis referring to the periodontology department of the dental branch of islamic azad university of tehran during 2013-20...

in this study 100 cases of advanced periodontitis were compared with a control group of 100 persons. the parameters were the depth of the periodontal pockets, radiographic images, presence of inflammatory cells and different types of anaerobic bacteria in the pockets. the depth of pocket was measured by a sterile probe and the presence of inflammatory cells was determined through sterile curett...

conclusions the results of the present study suggest that the presence of fusobacterium species in periodontal pockets is an important risk factor for halitosis. results in total, 26% (n = 13) and 8% (n = 4) samples were positive for fusobacterium species in the halitosis and control groups, respectively, with f. nucleatum present in the greatest proportion in both groups. halitophobia was sign...

background and aims. previous researches, conducted mostly on extracted teeth, have shown that efficacy of calculus removal decreases with increasing pocket depth, but there is still a lack of clinical studies concerning the correlation be-tween residual calculus and varying pocket depths. the objective of the present clinical study was to assess the efficiency of mechanical tooth depuration by...

statement of problem: the replacement of missing teeth with implant-associated restorations has become a widely used treatment modality in recent years. the length of dental implants may be a critical factor in achieving and maintaining osseointegration. purpose: the aim of this study was to evaluate the survival rate and bone loss of dental implants with different lengths materials and methods...