abstract the present study aims to evaluate efl course contents used in language schools and institutes in teh-ran. to that end, 230 participants in tehran were conveniently sampled. at the outset of the study, two questionnaires were given to all groups, and according to their responses, the data were analyzed. each of the questionnaires was given to participants individually. each group had...

  Abstract The present study aims to evaluate EFL course contents used in language schools and institutes in Teh-ran. To that end, 230 participants in Tehran were conveniently sampled. At the outset of the study, two questionnaires were given to all groups, and according to their responses, the data were analyzed. Each of the questionnaires was given to participants individually. Each group ...

patients and methods the study was performed with the participation of 172 cancer patients aged 18 and over. factor analysis (principal components analysis) was used to assess construct validity. criterion validities were tested by computing spearman correlation between candi and hospital anxiety depression scale (hads), and brief symptom inventory (bsi) (convergent validity) and quality of lif...

A major objective of experimental psychopathology research is to improve clinical practice via the experimental study of treatment mechanisms. The success of this endeavor depends on the external validity of the procedures used to model the treatment component in the laboratory. We propose a general framework and a set of specific criteria that will allow evaluating whether a certain laboratory...

The present study examines stress among parents of children with intellectual disability. 102 parents formed the sample of this study, 30 of whom had children without disability. A stress assessment test with internal validity of 0.608 was utilised. This test has two parts: physical and mental, former with 19 items and latter with 21 items. T test was applied to check differences in stress, gen...

The undisputed increase of the relevance of mental work load is confronted with a lack of qualified or at least well documented measuring instruments covering all important aspects.The COPSOQ (Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire), a comprehensive instrument for the assessment of psychosocial factors at work, was tested in a partly modified version in a large German sample (N = 2561 employees)...

Validation of psychological tests has not yet been adequately conceptualized, as the APA Committee on Psychological Tests learned when it undertook (1950-54) to specify what qualities should be investigated before a test is published. In order to make coherent recommendations the Committee found it necessary to distinguish four types of validity, established by different types of research and r...

Schematic proofs are functions which can produce a proof of a proposition for each value of their parameters. A schematic proof can be constructed by abstracting a general pattern of proof from several examples of a family of proofs. In this paper we examine several interesting aspects of the use of schematic proofs in mathematics. Furthermore, we pose several conjectures about the psychologica...