introductionrural areas have an important role in the development of countries. while rural areas by implementing a detailed plan developed in accordance with the characteristics of the villages in the area certainly play a pivotal role in national development if required. this small rural city located in fars province to eliminate inequalities in the distribution of resources and services to t...

Incident HIV infections refl ect the inadequacy of prevention strategies, and the failure to adequately use proven eff ective interventions. Following compelling evidence from three independent community trials in South Africa, Uganda, and Kenya, WHO and the Joint UN Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) recommended that voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) should be part of a comprehensive HIV ...

BACKGROUND Male circumcision is being widely deployed as an HIV prevention strategy in countries with high HIV incidence, but its uptake in sub-Saharan Africa has been below targets. We did a study to establish whether educating religious leaders about male circumcision would increase uptake in their village. METHODS In this cluster randomised trial in northwest Tanzania, eligible villages we...

This study examines how the economic e ects of elections in rural China depend on voter heterogeneity, as captured by religious fractionalization. We rst document religious composition and the introduction of village-level elections for a nearly nationally representative sample of over two hundred villages. Then, we examine the interaction e ect of heterogeneity and the introduction of election...

This paper analyzes how different organizational structures between funding and implementing agencies affect the quality of aid delivered and social agendas pursued across neighboring villages in a set disaster context. We model the implied objective functions and trade-offs concerning aid quality, aid quantity, and social agendas of different types of agencies. We analyze three waves of survey...

Each society is characterized by its own belief system that takes roots from its cultural identity. This belief system affects all factors of human life including health. Tribals are no exception to it. The tribal societies of India have their distinctive sets of taboo and socio-cultural practices regarding health culture. This papers deals the socio-religious believe and taboo related aspects ...

New (14)C dates from Oaxaca, Mexico, document changes in religious ritual that accompanied the evolution of society from hunting and gathering to the archaic state. Before 4000 B.P. in conventional radiocarbon years, a nomadic egalitarian lifeway selected for unscheduled (ad hoc) ritual from which no one was excluded. With the establishment of permanent villages (4000-3000 B.P.), certain ritual...

In Israel, genetic screening and testing are widespread and are on the rise. The socialized medical system, the governmental National Program for the Detection and Prevention of Birth Defects, the central registry of genetic disorders, and the availability of medical genetic units influence the extensive utilization of genetic services. Israeli society is a complex one-ethnically, religiously, ...

The study investigated the effects of communal crises on selected crops production among farmers in Langtang North local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was adopted; four local government areas were selected in each of the local government selected, four villages affected by communal crises were selected purposively. In two of the villages selected, 24 ...