The most widely used guaranteed methods for global optimization are interval-based branch-and-bound techniques. In these techniques , we start with a single box { the entire function domain { as a possible location of the global minimum, and then, of each step, subdivide some of the boxes, use interval computations to compute the enclosure F (X); F(X)] f(X) for the range f(X) of the optimized f...

The CURDS data set contains detailed information on the level of ownership of CNCs by each firm in the sample incorporating date of first adoption. This allows us to classify the sample firms in 1993 into 4 categories: non adopters; currently diffusing users; complete users; and ex users. Of the total sample of 343 firms, 59 firms were excluded on the grounds that CNC was not an appropriate tec...

stock selection criteria play a key role in contrarian portfolio construction. the usual approach is applying cumulative return as stock selection criteria however applying this criterion leads to ranking stocks without considering investment risk. in this study, we analyze contrarian strategies that are based on reward–risk stock selection criteria in contrast to ordinary contrarian strategies...