bacillus thuringiensis (bt) is the most important microbial agent for biological control of insect pests of agricultural crops and forest plant. effective control of these pests mostly relies on finding and practical application of native bt isolates. in this study, 160 soil samples belong to various ecological area of mazandaran province (forest, orchard, urban, agricultural and non-vegetative...

Spore is an asexual reproduction unit of fungi, also often found in plant kingdom. The physics behind spore dispersal of the Basidiomycete fungi or more known as mushroom will be the main focus of our study in this paper. We hypothesize that the spore dispersal is driven by the gravity current under the mushroom cap due to the density difference between the spore air laden and ambient air. Here...

UNLABELLED Raman spectroscopy and phase-contrast microscopy were used to examine calcium dipicolinate (CaDPA) levels and rates of nutrient and nonnutrient germination of multiple individual Bacillus subtilis spores treated with cold atmospheric plasma (CAP). Major results for this work include the following: (i) >5 logs of spores deposited on glass surfaces were inactivated by CAP treatment for...

coverslip was mounted off-center on a 12-ram diana brass stub coated with clear fingernail polish, and the specimens were dried for scanning. A Denton DV-502 high vacuum evaporator operat ing at 3 x 10 -5 T o r r was used to spread a standard layer of gold on tlte specimens. A Jeol JSM-2 SEM with an accelerated voltage of 35 kv scanned the parasitized larvae. A light compound microscope was als...

The outermost layer of the Bacillus anthracis spore is the exosporium, which is composed of a paracrystalline basal layer and an external hair-like nap. The filaments of the nap are formed by a collagen-like glycoprotein called BclA, while the basal layer contains several different proteins. One of the putative basal layer proteins is ExsY. In this study, we constructed a DeltaexsY mutant of B....

No. ponn1490 Beamline(s): X12C Cells of Bacillus and Clostridium species produce spores when one or more nutrients are limiting for growth of these organisms. The spores DNA is saturated with a group of small, acid-soluble proteins (SASP) of the α/βtype. In spore germination SASP are degraded to amino acids and this degradation is initiated by a sequence specific protease called the germination...

The morphogenesis of single cells depends on their ability to coordinate surface mechanics and polarity. During germination, spores of many species develop a polar tube that hatches out of a rigid outer spore wall (OSW) in a process termed outgrowth. However, how these awakening cells reorganize to stabilize this first growth axis remains unknown. Here, using quantitative experiments and modeli...

Endospores of Bacillus subtilis are encased in a thick, proteinaceous shell known as the coat, which is composed of a large number of different proteins. Here we report the identification of three previously uncharacterized coat-associated proteins, YabP, YheD, and YutH, and their patterns of subcellular localization during the process of sporulation, obtained by using fusions of the proteins t...