introduction: the infiltration process is one of the most important components of the hydrologic cycle. quantifying the infiltration water into soil is of great importance in watershed management. prediction of flooding, erosion and pollutant transport all depends on the rate of runoff which is directly affected by the rate of infiltration. quantification of infiltration water into soil is also...

Philosophy & Public AffairsVolume 49, Issue 2 p. 209-231 Original Article On statistical criteria of algorithmic fairness Brian Hedden, Corresponding Author [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0003-4463-9255 Search for more papers by this author First published: 25 March 2021 https://doi.org/10.1111/papa.12189 For helpful feedback, I am grateful to Zach Barnett, Mark Colyvan, Kevin Dorst, Cos...

We study and compare two classes of statistical criteria to assess the significance of exceptional words. Indeed, the Z-score-like criteria, or the normal approximation that is a strict equivalent, suffer from several drawbacks in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Thanks to the combinatorial structure of words, a computation of the exact P-value has been made possible by recent mathematical...