V.1 A high rate of labour-absorbing growth ...................................................................... 2 V.2 Promoting the self-employment of the poor by converting them into productive entrepreneurs............................................................................................. 4 V.3 Increasing the productivity of the poor workers both in wage employment and in self-emp...

This paper investigates empirically the relationship between the pattern of fiscal policy and the demand for international reserves in developing countries, and how this relationship is associated with political risk and conditional access to global capital markets. It finds evidence that for developing countries with low political risk, countercyclical (procyclical) fiscal policies are associa...

background: today, with the rapid growth of scientific production, research misconduct has become a worldwide problem. this article is intended to introduce the successful experience on the management of research paper misconducts in the field of health research. methods: our aim was to design and develop the strategy for research misconduct policy. focusing on the national regulatory system, w...

in the present paper, challenges and prospects of the european railways, along with a proposal for a new strategy policy and specific measures are presented. the declining course of european railways concerning traffic and revenues is first analyzed. conditions to introduce intra - modal competition are surveyed, among them separation of infrastructure from operation as it has been applied in a...

BACKGROUND Policy processes that yield good outcomes are inherently complex, requiring interactions of stakeholders in problem identification, generation of political will and selection of practical solutions. To make policy processes rational, policy dialogues are increasingly being used as a policy-making tool. Despite their increasing use for policy-making in Africa, evidence is limited on h...

BACKGROUND Today, with the rapid growth of scientific production, research misconduct has become a worldwide problem. This article is intended to introduce the successful experience on the management of research paper misconducts in the field of health research. METHODS Our aim was to design and develop the strategy for research misconduct policy. Focusing on the national regulatory system, w...

In this paper we describe a policy based authorisation infrastructure that a cloud provider can run as an infrastructure service for its users. It will ヮヴラデWIデ デエW ヮヴキ┗;I┞ ラa ┌ゲWヴゲげ S;デ; H┞ allowing the users to set their own privacy policies, and then enforcing them so that no unauthorised access is allowed to their data. The infrastructure ensures that the ┌ゲWヴゲげ privacy policies are stuck to...

this paper presents an analytic procedure for the value added to different production levels with different policy options. the approach is stochastic and thus provides a framework for informed decision-making on productivity growth under uncertainty conditions. the model was applied to data collected from a firm and re-sults recommend that the firm should redevelop if in diversification and sy...

after collapse of the soviet :union:, russia is faced with strategic vaccum in its foreign policy for a time. thus, we were witnessing a period of unstable, inactive and reactionary policy- making in russian foreign policy while the us was expanding its influence on the russian periphery. but in putin's administration, the russian foreign policy has evolved dramatically. putin put the infl...