MR2864818 39A05 37B99 Sacker, Robert J. (1-SCA; Los Angeles, CA) An invariance theorem for mappings. (English summary) J. Difference Equ. Appl. 18 (2012), no. 1, 163–166. The following theorem is proved. Theorem 2.1. LetD ⊂ R be a bounded subset and f :D→ R be continuous. Suppose f : ◦ D→ R is injective (one-to-one) and f(∂D)⊂D. If D := R rD has no bounded components, then f(D)⊂D. Here D is the...

Confirmatory factor analytic tests of measurement invariance (MI) based on the chi-square statistic are known to be sensitive to sample size. For this reason, Cheung and Rensvold (2002) recommended using alternative fit indices in MI investigations. However, previous studies have not established the power of fit indices to detect data with a lack of invariance. In this study, we investigated th...

It is a well-documented fact that social trust, i.e., the extent to which people trust others, and political trust, i.e., trust in political institutions, are key factors in social capital theory. However, to compare these concepts in cross-national or longitudinal frameworks, it is important to fi rst establish whether the measurements of these concepts are compatible across countries or over ...

The use of a visual representation in learning about proportional relations studied, examining students' understandings of the invariance of a multiplicative relation on both sides of a proportion equation and the invariance of the structural relations that exist in different semantic types of proportion problems. Subjects were 49 high-ability sixth-grade mathematics students using the Jasper A...

Test washback is held to be complex and multifaceted in that a host of cultural, social, individual, test, and institutional factors are involved in shaping it. Thus far, the majority of washback studies have had as their focus the role of teachers in test washback or washback to teachers. How educational environments or institutions might function in isolation or in interaction with other fact...