Daily sunshine duration is commonly reported at weather stations. Beyond the basic duration report, more information is available from scorched cards of Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorders, such as the estimation of direct-beam solar irradiance. Sunshine cards therefore potentially provide information on sky state, as inferred from solar-radiation data. Some sites have been operational since the...

In this study, an analysis of the monthly mean values of the fraction of the sky covered by clouds (C) of all types and the duration of bright sunshine hours (S) and global solar radiation on the horizontal surface (H) was carried out to establish relationship for solar radiation estimation for Bangladesh. The relationship between C and (1 − S/S0), where S0 is the maximum possible hours of suns...

daily sunshine duration is one of the factors influencing the size of solar panels in a photovoltaic system. when the system is designed and the number of system components is calculated, the average of sunshine hours is usually used. however, sunshine hours are less than average and we are faced to shortage and surplus of electricity in the winter and summer, respectively. in this paper due to...

Altitudinal gradients are among the most powerful 'natural experiments' for testing ecological and evolutionary responses of biota to geophysical influences, such as low temperature. However, there are two categories of environmental changes with altitude: those physically tied to meters above sea level, such as atmospheric pressure, temperature and clear-sky turbidity; and those that are not g...

1. The Problem I begin with a gloomy observation on monastic education by Phra Prayud Payutto (1939) of Thailan whom Tambiah calls "a brilliant scholar-monk" [1]. Payutto said in 1984: "The present state of m education is similar to a sky which has some spots of sunshine, but is in fact full of cloud. The sky is n clear. When monks themselves see the dull and overcast sky they may feel disheart...

abstract solar radiation, nowadays has a lot of application in different fields of agriculture, irrigation, and hydrology engineering and due to these various applications, different models has been proposed for it’s estimation. angstrom-prescott equation is one of the most important well known models for solar radiation estimation. this equation has empirically coefficient that various for eac...