level Solving problems by reasoning Uses mental resources to create mental model of problem and to work out solution from ®rst principles Supervisor level Supervisory control Allocates attention and mental resources Resource management level Resource management Uses available resources, information, equipment and personnel to manage perioperative care of patient Fletcher et al.

Scholarship on executive politics provides conflicting views about whether staffing administrative agencies through politicized or (politically) autonomous means is the best method for maximizing bureaucratic competence. We offer a theoretical account which maintains that obtaining a proper balance between both types of personnel systems across the supervisory and subordinate levels of an organ...

BACKGROUND Staffing core laboratories with appropriate skilled workers requires a process to schedule these individuals so that all workstations are appropriately filled and all the skills of each worker are exercised periodically to maintain competence. METHODS We applied a genetic algorithm to scheduling laboratory personnel. Our program, developed in Visual Basic 4.0, maximizes the value o...

In today's competitive electric market, utilities are expected to provide highly reliable power supplies at the lowest possible cost. Distribution automation and remote control are recognized as ways for intelligently using appropriate technology to increase the reliability at reduced system operation cost, automated operations and service restoration can eliminate the need to send out the pers...

In reinforcement learning (RL), rewards have been considered the most important feedback in understanding the environment. However, recently there have been interesting forays into other modes such as using sporadic supervisory inputs. This brings into the learning process richer information about the world of interest. In this paper, we model these supervisory inputs as specific types of instr...

PURPOSE Nursing supervision of the routine daily care (e.g., grooming, feeding, and toileting) that is delegated to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) is critical to nursing home service delivery. The conditions under which the supervisory role is organized and operationalized at the work-unit level, taking into account workloads, registered nurse/licensed practical nurse staffing, and role e...

Ab.macl The dimension of tbe guard lOne along with its bounds for the Generalised Learning Algorithm (P"thak and Pal. 1986) is determined 1'01' optimum learning. The dimension is found to be dynamic dependlllg on the input sequence and tbe current estimates of classification parameters. Incorporation of tbis higher-order knowledge in a supervisory program improves the system performance. The pe...