Background Tuberculosis (TB) is the second-most common cause of death from infectious disease (after those due to HIV/AIDS). Roughly one-third of the world's population has been infected with M. tuberculosis, with new infections occurring in about 1% of the population each year. People with active TB can infect 10-15 other people through close contact over the course of a year. Materials and ...

Background: Natural killer (NK) cells are the effector cells of innate immunity that respond to infection and tumor. Interactions between killer cell immunoglobulin like receptors (KIR) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules regulate NK cells responses to eliminate infected and transformed cells. Objective: To investigate the impact of KIR genes, HLA ligand genes, and KIR-HLA combi...

Background: A number of former studies have shown that tuberculosis (TB) is higher in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients than non-diabetics. Both DM and TB are major public health problems in Iran, and because of the lack of investigation in this field in the region, we conducted this study to evaluate the prevalence of DM in admitted pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Methods: The medical files of...

BACKGROUND Screening on multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has been limited to the serious TB subpopulations excluding the new TB patients. This study aimed to examine MDR-TB burden among the new TB patients. METHODS We conducted a study in Zhejiang Province during 2009-2013 to screen for MDR-TB patients among the low MDR-TB risk patients and five subpopulations of high MDR-TB risk pat...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The incidence and annual risk of infection of tuberculosis (TB) have decreased rapidly in Japan because of the development of anti-TB medicines and nutritional and hygienic improvements after World War II. The incidence of tuberculosis is currently high among elderly people, reflecting the fact that the prevalence rate of TB infection had been extremely high during thei...

BACKGROUND Treating patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) strains is more complicated, complex, toxic, expensive, than treating patients with susceptible TB strains. This study aims to compare the treatment outcomes and potential factors associated between patients with MDR-TB and non MDR TB infections in peninsular Malaysia. METHODS This study was a retrospective cohort stu...

background: human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) makes infected cases prone to opportunistic infections like tuberculosis (tb) due to impaired immunity of the body, especially multi drug resistant (mdr) ones which are a major concern. with hiv outbreak starting late in the 20th century, the international health community is observing a huge rise in the incidence of this complex disease. herein, w...