the mathematical treatises known as ta?r?r al-mutawassi??t, “revision of the middle books”, are a collection of greek and arabic treatises which were re-edited by na??r al-d?n al-??s?. this paper explores the nature of the editorial work ??s? did, showing that it is not a simple rendering of the original text but that it involves major revisions and in fact original additions. for the first tim...

Data security issues become very important when the computer has been used as a communication tool on global network (internet). One method that is quite popular for securing data from irresponsible parties text-based steganography, where confidential or information hidden inserted into other text media so not to arouse suspicion parties. Based input calculated number of words, it significant i...