khwāja naṣīr al-dīn ṭūsī is one of the greatest thinkers of the middle centuries (ah), who enjoys a high status in science and literature and has a worldwide reputation. naṣīr al-dīn ṭūsī did not suffice himself merely with science (‘ilm) and thought and was involved in practical politics, too. the last two decades of khwāja naṣīr’s life in ilkhanids courts was his period of scientific and prac...

proper opportunity of the city of genoa, its cooperation during the crusades, and the evolution in the terms of trade organization and practices at the same time that mongol empire was establishing, formed a new round of intercontinental trade . the importance of commerce for the mongol continued as a tradition in ilkhanids. genoese commercial presence in eastern ports and the black sea and als...

abolqasem kashani, the shi’i historian of ilkhanid era, due to the influence of new situation that appeared after abbasid caliphate’s fall and the rise of ilkhanids, offers a new historiographical perspective. he tries to avoid prejudice and by accuracy and tolerance, studies history and intends to strengthen the social and political position of the shi’is; hence he tries to present a logical d...

ghorban tower as an architectural monument is one of the outstanding resting- place of islamic era in hamadan city which has not been studied properly. previous studies on the tower concerning its architectural features or its historical background showed that the tower may be a place where a dignified religious man named khajeh hafez abol'ala hamadani berried inside in saljuk era and afte...

The mutual experience of European architecture during the transmission phase of Romanesque (around 11th and 12th centuries) to Gothic style simultaneous with Mongol invasions and political revolution from Seljuk empire to Ilkhanids have been assumed as a turning point through Iranian and European architecture. Thus, clarifying its mutual properties is one of the controversial discussion topics ...

Bu çalışma, İlhanlı Devleti’nin parçalanma sürecine girmesi sonucunda belirli coğrafyalarda bağımsızlıklarını kazanan devlet veya daha küçük siyasî teşekküllerin Erzurum ve çevresindeki askerî faaliyetlerine odaklanmıştır. yıkılışından Kara Koyunlu Türkmenlerinin hâkimiyetine dek çevresine Sutaylılar, Celâyirliler, Çobanoğulları Eretnalıların hâkim olduğu bilinmektedir. Bölgeye ilk olan mirasın...

The aim of this research is to examine the birth accounting in ancient civilizations, then its history Ottoman Empire and Republic Turkey, as well accounting’s development process until today. Discussions about where was first born invented still continue, there no universal consensus. However, are different opinions fact that appeared Egypt, Persia, Mesopotamia, Babylon, Assyria, Sumer, China,...