objectives: this study was designed to assess the changes of the mandible of patients who underwent orthodontic treatment with or without extraction of four premolars. materials and methods: eighteen class i bimaxillary protrusion patients treated with extraction of four first premolars and retraction of anterior teeth and 18 class i non-extraction patients with a mean age of 16.38±0.4 years we...

introdouction: impacted mandibular third molar surgery may affect periodontal status of the adjacent second molar. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in periodontal health parameters distal to the adjacent second molar following surgical extraction of an impacted mandibular third molar. materials and methods: we selected 50 subjects with a mean age of 22.8 (ranging from 18 to...

objective: extraction of premolars is believed to affect the eruption of third molars. this comparative study aimed to assess the change in angulation of third molars following first/second premolar extraction versus non-extraction orthodontic treatments. methods: this historical cohort study was conducted on patients assigned to three treatment groups: extraction of mandibular first premolars ...

introduction: because of prevalence of permanent tooth extraction and it’s related complication and due to bether alternative ways of tooth repair, this stady is done in health centers of karaj province to evaluate the etiologies and related risk factors. methods: survey was done by cross-sectional method on 240 patients. after extraction of data/factors like etiology of tooth remoral/ age/ sex...

introdouction: injection of local anesthesia during dental procedures can induce metabolic changes. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in the serum blood glucose levels after the injection of lidocaine with a vasoconstrictor during tooth extraction. materials and methods: in this clinical trial study, we enrolled 60 patients. we extracted mandibular teeth by using inferior al...