The aim of this article is to lay a foundation for providing a soft algebraic tool in considering many problems that contain uncertainties. In order to provide these soft algebraic structures, the notion of union-soft sets is introduced, and its application to BCK/BCI-algebras is considered. The notions of union-soft algebras, union-soft (commutative) ideals and closed union-soft ideals are int...

A practical hierarchical component-based WebGIS model referred to as Geo-Union is presented. Geo-Union consists of four layers: storage layer, service layer, component layer and application layer. Service layer is partitioned into another two layers: Geo-Union client and Geo-Union server. The architectures and object diagram of each layer in Geo-Union are discussed in details. After that, four ...

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STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study. PURPOSE The main purpose of this study was to investigate the union-rate of the spinous process after performing a spinous process osteotomy and whether union affects the clinical results after surgery. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE In the present study, spinous process osteotomy was used to facilitate access to the spinal canal when performing a decompressive pro...