conclusions the distribution patterns of phase-variable genes in pakistani h. pylori strains were found to be somewhat different. the dominant prevalence of the hsdr gene was an interesting finding, considering its role in bacterial defense in both micro- and macroenvironments. results on culturing, the prevalence of h. pylori infections in the samples was 44.7%. the prevalence was higher in fe...

background: killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (kir) are expressed on nk cells and a subset of t cells. the variable kir receptors along with their ligands, hla class i, influence risk for autoimmune and malignant diseases. objective: to investigate the kir gene profiles in relation to susceptibility to graves’ disease in patients with ophthalmopathy. methods: kir genes profiles were ana...

Background:  Dermatophytes are common causes of cutaneous infections in humans and animals, which mostly reproduce by an asexual process. Such types of reproduction in many filamentous fungi are usually regulated by brlA, abaA, and wetA genes. The presence of these genes in dermatophytes was investigated.  Materials & Methods:   Conidiation genes represented by brlA, abaA, and wetA were dete...

Background: Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) are expressed on NK cells and a subset of T cells. The variable KIR receptors along with their ligands, HLA class I, influence risk for autoimmune and malignant diseases. Objective: To investigate the KIR gene profiles in relation to susceptibility to Graves’ disease in patients with ophthalmopathy. Methods: KIR genes profiles were ana...