le chatelier's principle is used as a very simple way to predict the effect of a change in conditions on a chemical equilibrium. . however, several studies have reported the violation of this principle, still there is no reported simple mathematical equation to express the exact condition of violation in the gas phase reactions. in this article, we derived a simple equation for the violati...

Le Chatelier's principle is used as a very simple way to predict the effect of a change in conditions on a chemical equilibrium. . However, several studies have reported the violation of this principle, still there is no reported simple mathematical equation to express the exact condition of violation in the gas phase reactions. In this article, we derived a simple equation for the violation of...

1 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, PennState University, PA 16802. Email: [email protected] Abstract – Engineering education often makes reference to historical “laws” dating back to a time when science was still at an early stage of development. An example is the principle of displacement and moderation of chemical equilibrium formulated by Le Chatelier in various forms betw...

The paper gives a brief review of the nonparametric approach to efficiency measurement or Data Envelopment Analysis as it is known in the operations research literature. Inequalities are derived between the efficiency measures when different assumptions are made on the technology sets or on the behavior of managers. Of particular interest is the derivation of a Le Chatelier Principle for measur...

Aluminum subjected to smooth mechanical loading does not often deform in a correspondingly smooth manner. Typically it deforms inhomogeneously through the propagation of deformation fronts that slowly traverse the sample. These are called Portevin-Le Chatelier fronts; what determines their velocity has been somewhat mysterious. We present a phenomenological theory for deformation fronts that ce...

The principle of Le Chatelier was used in demonstrating that 3-chloro-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolidinone (compound 1) itself kills Staphylococcus aureus rather than the very small amount of free chlorine in hydrolysis equilibrium with compound 1. On the other hand, when the N-bromo analog of compound 1 (compound 1B) was used as the disinfectant, the mixture of combined compound 1B and free bromine fo...