Background As per the vaccine management policy of the Government of India all vaccine vials opened for an immunization session were discarded at the end of that session, irrespective of the type of vaccine or the number of doses remaining in the vial prior to 2013. Subsequently, open vial policy (OVP) was introduced in 2013 and should reduce both vaccine wastage as well as governmental healthc...

A study to assess the wastage factor of oral polio vaccine (OPV) in the Pulse Polio Immunization (PPI) programme of the Government of India was undertaken by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) at approximately 31,000 immunization booths all over the country. The study was conducted through the network of 31 Human Reproduction Research Centres (HRRCs) and other ICMR institutes. Wastag...

INTRODUCTION Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines are expensive relative to those in the EPI systems of low-income countries. The current single-dose presentation costs more to store in the cold chain relative to multi-dose presentations but also has lower wastage rates. It is, therefore, important to determine the optimal balance of vial size and storage costs after adjusting for wastage. OBJECTI...

Student wastage in higher education is a problem of great importance in our society. The time has come to try to start a service to give specialised help for redeployment in continued education or in suitable employment that carries further training prospects. This would be not only a humane social service, but a real component of the educational and economic system. At present, wastage in the ...

imamiyah jurists have had different views regarding the rights of the trustee in terms of abuse and wastage in the lent (trust); from the known theory of the claim for damages not being associated with the abuses and wastage on the basis of the generalities of the ‘on the hand’ rule to the theory of the relationship between fault and damage according to the general rules of liability and istīmā...

OBJECTIVE This study examined measles vaccine wastage during an outbreak response in Madang Province of Papua New Guinea from June 2014 to March 2015. METHODS Vaccine wastage was defined as the number of doses received by a health centre minus the total number of doses administered during and returned following the outbreak vaccination campaign. Vaccine data were collected from the Provincial...