in islamic republic of iran, the heating and cooling of buildings account for approximately 40% of total energy use. from the entire energy loss taking place in a building, one third of that energy loss occurs through the windows. many of today’s existing buildings are not energy efficient, and consume more energy than is needed in order to make the working and living environments comfortable. ...

When incorrectly designed, windows can be responsible for unnecessary energy consumption in a building. This may result from its dimensions, orientation and shadowing. In a moderate climate like the Portuguese, and considering an annual thermal comfort assessment of a space, if windows are under-dimensioned or overshadowed, they can contribute to the increase of heating needs. However, when ove...

A physical system, Low Pass Filter (LPF) RC Circuit, which serves as an impulse response and a square wave input signal are utilized to derive the continuous time convolution (convolution integrals). How set up limits of integration correctly how excitation source convolves with explained using graphical type solution. This in turn, help minimize students’ misconceptions about integral. Further...

Residential and commercial buildings are responsible for roughly 40 percent of U.S. energy consumption [1]. Within these types of buildings, space heating and cooling was responsible for roughly 36% of the energy consumption in 2005 [2]. Moreover, attributes of the building envelope have a large impact on this energy consumption, namely how much energy is needed to maintain comfortable room tem...