In a conventional or symmetric system, we always have ke = kd. Furthermore, there are two fixed finite sets given: P , the set of plaintexts and C, the set of ciphertexts. In most conventional systems, there is also a fixed set of keys K given, and G takes no inputs, but simply outputs a key chosen uniformly from K. Furthermore, it is often the case that P = C. For instance in Shift Cipher, or ...

Previous studies have shown that background oceanic and atmospheric environments can influence not only the formation but also intensity of tropical cyclones. Typhoon Soudelor in August 2015 is notable it underwent two rapid intensifications as storm passed over Philippine Sea where 26 °C isotherm (Z26) was deeper than 100 m warm eddies abounded. At same time, prior to storm’s arrival, an anoma...

Hill is a classical cipher which is generally believed to be resistant against ciphertext-only attack. In this paper, by using a divideand-conquer technique, it is first shown that Hill with d× d key matrix over Z26 can be broken with computational complexity of O(d26), for the English language. This is much less than the only publicly known attack, i.e., the brute-force with complexity of O(d2...

INTRODUCTION wavefront sensing technology has emerged as a means to advance our understanding of high-order aberrations of the human eye. PURPOSE to evaluate the differences in ocular high-order aberrations between males and females and the distribution of high-order aberrations in males and females. SUBJECTS AND METHODS 3,597 eyes (1,029 female and 2,568 male) of 1,874 patients who obtaine...

Context: Aberrometric analysis of the wavefront in patients with refractive disorders is performed using Zernike pyramid mode and based on that, a treatment plan determined however, it not clear what modes are derived from mathematical analysis, exactly how much they correspond to clinical facts this article discusses ways study issue. Evidence Acquisition: One methods for studying optical syst...

satureja rechingeri, belonging to the family lamiaceae, has been recently used in the pharmaceutical industry due to its high level of carvacrol in the essential oil. the domestication and breeding of suitable s. rechingeri variety has been started since few years ago in iran. the initial screening of natural populations, grown in the same environment, was performed and 58 talent clones were se...

The procedure for the selection of a temperature-sensitive recombination mutant in Drosophila is described. Use of this procedure has led to the recovery of three alleles at a new recombination locus called rec-Z, located within the region of chromosome 3 circumscribed by Deficiency(3R)~bd'~~. One allele, rec-Z26, is temperature sensitive, and the other two alleles, rec-Z6 and rec-1I6, are temp...