No doubt that the scope of vocabulary in teaching/learning English is a primary goal. Dynamic Assessment (DA) serving as both instructional and evaluative device has opened new horizons for vocabulary teaching and assessment. This study, having taken the concept of Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), will meticulously dig into mediated-oriented teaching and assessment. Accordingly, this study w...

In recent years, there is a growing interest in developing online collaborative learning environments. In a learner-centered online collaborative environment, students work together to construct knowledge and negotiate meanings through collaborative learning activities. Computer-mediated conference can not only greatly amplify human intellect online, but also enhance collaboration and facilitat...

The paper describes a study conducted in Rwanda involving 12 participants selected from a larger cohort of 24 final-year university students who were part of a group based training programme. The programme was about how to search, retrieve and use webbased literature. Empirical data were collected through interviews and focus group discussions. The purpose was to explore ways of using Informati...

This paper is concerned with the issue of adjusting the complexity, content and assistance in interactive learning environments (ILEs). In particular, it describes the structure and evaluation of the learner model implemented within VIS (the Vygotskian Instructional System). This software explores the way that Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development can be used in the design of learner models. ...

Modern Implantable Medical Devices (IMDs) are vulnerable to security attacks because of their wireless connectivity the outside world. One main challenges is establishing trust between IMD and an external reader/programmer in order facilitate secure communication. Numerous device-pairing schemes have been proposed address this specific challenge. However, they alone cannot protect against a bat...

The lactogenic hormone prolactin (PRL) has been known to affect Ca(2+) and electrolyte transport in the intestinal epithelium. In the present study we analyzed ion transport in mouse proximal and distal colon, and acute changes induced by PRL. In the proximal colon, carbachol activated a Ca(2+) dependent Cl(-) secretion that was sensitive to DIDS and NFA. In the distal colon, both ATP and carba...

Pragmatic competence is one of the most important components of successful communication; also, it is the most difficult aspect of SLA. This study aimed to explore the effects of concurrent group dynamic assessment (G-DA) on Iranian EFL learners’ learning of requests and refusals, following a mixed method design. In the experimental part of the study, 2 intact classes were homogenized by a pret...