WY-14,643 [4-chloro-6-(2,3-xylidino)pyrimidinylthio-acetic acid] is a well-known non-genotoxic carcinogen and peroxisome proliferator that causes liver cancer in rodents by unknown mechanisms. Its ability to sustain elevated rates of hepatocyte DNA synthesis is most likely pivotal in the ultimate development of tumors. The source of this mitogenic stimulus following treatment of rats with WY-14...

Fumonisin mycotoxins occur worldwide in corn and corn-based foods. Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a rodent liver carcinogen and suspected human carcinogen. It inhibits ceramide synthase and increases tissue sphinganine (Sa) and sphingosine (So) concentrations. Events linking disruption of sphingolipid metabolism and fumonisin toxicity are not fully understood; however, Sa and So were shown to bind mouse...

Low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) is increasingly recognized as a concern after low anterior resection for the treatment of rectal cancer. The lack of a precise definition outlining the symptoms and the time course that constitute LARS hinders ongoing research into the incidence, risk factors, pathophysiology, and treatment of this syndrome. This review will outline the current characteriz...

BACKGROUND We investigated very long-term bowel function after total mesorectal excision (TME) with or without preoperative short-course radiotherapy (PRT) for rectal cancer, the risk factors for bowel dysfunction, and the association of bowel dysfunction with health-related quality of life (HRQL). PATIENTS AND METHODS In the TME trial (1996-1999), 1530 Dutch patients with rectal cancer were ...

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is damaged during ischemic insults such as traumatic brain injury or stroke. This contributes to vasogenic edema formation and deteriorate disease outcomes. Enormous efforts are pursued to understand underlying mechanisms of ischemic insults and develop novel therapeutic strategies. In the present study the effects of PPARα agonist WY-14643 were investigated to pre...